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31.
Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi Laura Rabelo Leite Guilherme Oliveira Carlos Augusto Lemos Chernicharo Juliana Calabria de Araújo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16751-16764
Methane is produced in anaerobic environments, such as reactors used to treat wastewaters, and can be consumed by methanotrophs. The composition and structure of a microbial community enriched from anaerobic sewage sludge under methane-oxidation condition coupled to denitrification were investigated. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis retrieved sequences of Methylocaldum and Chloroflexi. Deep sequencing analysis revealed a complex community that changed over time and was affected by methane concentration. Methylocaldum (8.2%), Methylosinus (2.3%), Methylomonas (0.02%), Methylacidiphilales (0.45%), Nitrospirales (0.18%), and Methanosarcinales (0.3%) were detected. Despite denitrifying conditions provided, Nitrospirales and Methanosarcinales, known to perform anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification (DAMO) process, were in very low abundance. Results demonstrated that aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophs coexisted in the reactor together with heterotrophic microorganisms, suggesting that a diverse microbial community was important to sustain methanotrophic activity. The methanogenic sludge was a good inoculum to enrich methanotrophs, and cultivation conditions play a selective role in determining community composition. 相似文献
32.
Alfredo Montero Alvarez Juan R. Estévez Alvarez Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento Iván Pupo González Oscar Díaz Rizo Lázaro Lima Carzola Roberto Ayllón Torres Jorge Gómez Pascual 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(1):28
Epiphytic lichens, collected from 119 sampling sites grown over “Roistonea Royal Palm” trees, were used to assess the spatial distribution pattern of lead (Pb) and identify possible pollution sources in Havana (Cuba). Lead concentrations in lichens and topsoils were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectrometry, respectively, while Pb in crude oils and gasoline samples were measured by ICP-time of flight mass spectrometry (ICP-ToF-MS). Lead isotopic ratios measurements for lichens, soils, and crude oils were obtained by ICP-ToF-MS. We found that enrichment factors (EF) reflected a moderate contamination for 71% of the samples (EF > 10). The 206Pb/207Pb ratio values for lichens ranged from 1.17 to 1.20 and were a mixture of natural radiogenic and industrial activities (e.g., crude oils and fire plants). The low concentration of Pb found in gasoline (<7.0 μg L?1) confirms the official statement that leaded gasoline is no longer used in Cuba. 相似文献
33.
Carlos André Vaz Junior José Luiz de Medeiros Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(3):462-475
This work presents a time series strategy for detection, location and quantification of leaks in large pipeline systems. The technology has two active components, which operate sequentially: the Detector and the Localizer. The Detector continuously screens real-time data, searching for any anomalies such as leaks, which are detected (or not) depending on their size and position. The Detector is based on auto-regressive multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) ARX predictors with one input filter. Subsequent to successful leak detection, the Localizer is launched to diagnose the leak via estimation of its parameters – diameter and location – using recorded data on a Search Time Window that includes information in the neighborhood of the instant of detection. The Localizer is also an ARX predictor, but with two input processors, the first is a filter for dynamic plant inputs and the second filter processes “parameter signals” of active leaks. The Localizer is developed beforehand via model identification with plant data under the action of known, artificially simulated, leaks. It is, therefore, able to recognize an active pattern of leak parameters, by maximizing the adherence of its predictions to data in the Search Time Window. The proposed detection and location methods were successfully tested in simulated leak scenarios for an industrial naphtha pipeline. 相似文献
34.
Gomes ID Nascimento AA Sales A Araújo FG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(9):5523-5531
Gill anomalies in two fish species (Geophagus brasiliensis and Astyanax bimaculatus) were compared among three freshwater systems with different water quality: one eutrophic river, one eutrophic reservoir, and one oligotrophic reservoir. The raised hypotheses are that reservoirs with low water quality (eutrophic) have fish with more gills anomalies compared with reservoirs with high water quality (oligotrophic), and that the more stable environmental conditions of eutrophic rivers have fish with better healthy conditions than eutrophic reservoirs that have lesser stable environmental conditions. Gills of 36 adult individuals of G. brasiliensis and 23 of A. bimaculatus collected during the winter 2008 and winter 2009 were examined, and the proportions of occurrence of nine histological alterations were compared for the two species among the three systems using a binomial t test for independent samples. Histological changes in fish gills that are reversible and unspecific, such as epithelial lifting, interstitial edema, leukocyte infiltration, hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, lamellar fusion, and vasodilatation were common in both fish species in the three systems. However, lamellar aneurism, which is a more serious and often irreversible anomaly, and lamellar blood congestion occurred only in fish from the two reservoirs. Alternatively, necrosis occurred more in fish from the river. Fish gill anomalies in both species did not differ between the two reservoirs, despite having different water quality. We rejected the hypothesis that reservoirs with lower water quality have fish with more gill injuries compared with high water quality reservoirs. Moreover, the eutrophic river seems to affect differently the healthy condition of fish species, compared with the eutrophic reservoir. 相似文献
35.
Jayara D.C. Silva Tamara T.B. Leal Ademir S.F. Araújo Raul M. Araujo Regina L.F. Gomes Wanderley J. Melo Rajeev P. Singh 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(10):1976-1980
Composting has been recognized as one of the most cost effective and environmentally sound alternatives for organic wastes recycling from long and composted wastes have a potential to substitute inorganic fertilizers. We investigated the potential of composted tannery sludge for ornamental purposes and to examine the effects of two different composts and concentrations on ornamental Capsicum growth. The two composts were produced with tannery sludge and the composition of each compost was: compost1 of tannery sludge (C1TS) – tannery sludge + sugarcane straw and cattle manure mixed in the ratio 1:3:1 (v:v:v); compost2 of tannery sludge (C2TS) – tannery sludge + “carnauba” straw and cattle manure in the ratio 1:3:1 (v:v:v). Each compost was amended with soil at rates (% v:v) of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (designation hereafter as T1–T5, respectively). The number of leaves and fruits were counted, and the stem length was also measured. Chlorophyll content was recorded on three leaves of each harvested plant prior to harvest. Number of leaves and fruits, stem length, dry weight of shoot and roots did not vary significantly between the plants grown in two tannery composts. All the treatments with composted tannery sludge application (T2–T5) significantly increased the number of leaves and fruits, stem length and chlorophyll content compared with the control (T1). The chlorophyll content was higher in plants growing in the C1TS compared to C2TS. The results of the present study further suggest that Capsicum may be a good option to be grown on composted tannery amended soil. 相似文献
36.
Jasmin Shah M. Rasul Jan Farhat-un-nisa Shehzad Behisht Ara 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):253-259
A simple spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of trifluralin in commercial formulation and food samples.
The method was based on the hydrolysis of trifluralin with sodium hydroxide to form 2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylaniline.
The resultant aniline group was diazotized with nitrate in acidic media and the diazotized product was coupled with β-naphthol
to form red colored product having λmax 550 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized for hydrolysis as well as for the diazotization reaction. The Beer’s law was obeyed over the range of 0.2–17 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 1.5 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. The relative standard deviation was found to be 3.6%. A two level factorial design of 23 was used for optimization of all parameters. The influence of different factors and their interactions on the final azo dye
formation were also studied from these factorial designs. The method has been applied successfully for the analysis of commercial
formulations and agricultural samples. The recovery for the determination of trifluralin was found to be in the range 95–97%. 相似文献
37.
Brenda Vila Nova Santana Talita Oliveira de Araújo Guilherme Carvalho Andrade Larisse de Freitas-Silva Kacilda Naomi Kuki Eduardo Gusmão Pereira Aristéa Alves Azevedo Luzimar Campos da Silva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2550-2562
Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen and Paspalum urvillei Steudel are grasses that grow naturally in a soil with high iron contents. This study aimed to characterize morphoanatomically and histochemically the iron phytotoxicity on leaves and evaluate the phytoextraction potential of these grasses. Saplings were cultivated in hydroponic solution with and without excess Fe-EDTA. Regarding measurements taken on leaves, reduction was observed among treatments of Fe-EDTA on height values of abaxial epidermis and bundle sheath in both species. As for iron histolocalization, stronger reaction was observed in leaves of S. parviflora, in comparison with P. urvillei. Anatomical damage, such as protoplast retraction, irregular xylem, changes in cell volume, and cell collapse, and visual symptoms, like leaf bronzing, chlorosis, and necrosis, were similar in both species when exposed to excess iron; however, P. urvillei showed more severe damage. This species accumulated more iron in shoots than S. parviflora and therefore is more favorable for use in phytoextraction. The root system of both species accumulated higher iron concentrations in relation to shoots. 相似文献
38.
Tolerance to iron accumulation and its effects on mineral composition and growth of two grass species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Talita Oliveira de Araújo Larisse de Freitas-Silva Brenda Vila Nova Santana Kacilda Naomi Kuki Eduardo Gusmão Pereira Aristéa Alves Azevedo Luzimar Campos da Silva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2777-2784
This study aimed to assess the influence of excess iron on the capacity of accumulation of this heavy metal, mineral composition, and growth of Setaria parviflora and Paspalum urvillei. Seedlings were submitted to 0.009; 1; 2; 4; and 7 mM of Fe-EDTA. In both species there was an increase in the concentration of Fe, Zn, P, and Ca and a decrease in Mn, K, and Mg in the iron plaque. Both species accumulated more iron in roots. In the shoots, S. parviflora showed higher iron content, except at 7 mM. Iron altered the contents of Fe, Cu, K, and Mg in roots, and of Fe, Mn, Zn, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in shoots. The two species tolerated high iron concentrations and accumulated high content of this element in both shoots and roots. The iron did not reduce their growth. Both species are indicated for studies aiming restoration of iron-contaminated areas. 相似文献
39.
A. Araújo M. Oliveira R. Oliveira G. Botelho A. V. Machado 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9477-9486
Poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites containing Cloisite 15A, Cloisite 30B, and Dellite 43B were prepared by melt-mixing in a batch mixer and were exposed to UV radiation, temperature, and microorganism in solution and in a compost. Exposed samples, collected along the time, were characterized by several techniques. While the addition of organoclays had a positive effect on thermal stability, the degradation rate of nanocomposites increased when exposed to UV radiation and microorganism. Moreover, the degradation rate depends on the organoclay type. Even though the degradation rate is higher for nanocomposites, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography results demonstrated that the degradation mechanism is the same. 相似文献
40.
de Araújo Morais J Ducom G Achour F Rouez M Bayard R 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2008,28(10):1791-1800
Using mechanical-biological treatment of residual municipal solid waste, it is possible to significantly lower landfill volume and gas and leachate emissions. Moreover, the landfill characteristics are improved. The performance of the Mende (France) mechanical-biological treatment plant is assessed via mass balances coupled with manual sorting according to the MODECOMtrade mark methodology and biochemical methane potential after 90 days of incubation. The site includes mechanical sorting operations, a rotary sequential bioreactor, controlled aerobic stabilisation corridors, maturation platforms, and a sanitary landfill site for waste disposal in separated cells. Results showed that several steps could be improved: after a first sieving step, about 12% of the potentially biodegradable matter is landfilled directly without any treatment; mechanical disintegration of papers and cardboards in the rotary sequential bioreactor is insufficient and leads to a high proportion of papers and cardboards being landfilled without further treatment. Two fine fractions go through stabilisation and maturation steps. At the end of the maturation step, about 54% of the potentially biodegradable matter is degraded. The biochemical methane potential after 90 days of incubation is reduced by 81% for one of the two fine fractions and reduced by 88% for the other one. Considering the whole plant, there is a reduction of nearly 20% DM of the entering residual municipal solid waste. 相似文献